Indian Masala Chai
Indian tea boiled with crushed ginger, cinnamon, green cardamom, Fennel seeds
FROM INDIAN AUTHENTIC CUISINE KITCHEN
[All curry gravies are prepared seprately for each dish in house with original Indian spices without any artificial colors or preservatives]
Vegan
Gluten Friendly
Dairy Free
Contain Tree Nuts
Contain Peanuts
Coffee
Mango Lassi
Blend of mango pulp and plain yogurt with pinch of green cardamom. Garnished with sliced almonds, grated coconut and pistachios.
Salted Lassi
Blend of plain yogurt with pink salt, roasted crushed cumin seeds and cilantro.
Sweet Lassi
Blend of plain yogurt with organic sugar. Garnished with sliced almonds, grated coconut and pistachios.
Juices
Orange, Pineapple, Apple, Cranberry, Clamato, Mango.
Soft Drinks [Refill free]
Pepsi, Diet Pepsi, Root beer, Gingerale, Iced tea, Crush, Lemonade, Tonic or Soda.
Lime Soda
Mojito
Caesar
Mango Lemonade
Shirley Temple
Red Bull
Sparkling Water
Mineral Water
Philips Iota Pilsner
[Non-alcoholic beer]
HEINEKEN
[Alcohol free beer]
Moscow Mule
Grey Goose vodka, Fentemans ginger beer, lime
Old Fashioned
Elijah Craig Bourbon, angostura bitter’s, demerera, orange twist
Negroni
Bombay Sapphire, campari, cinzano rosso, orange twist.
Margarita
Espalon Blanco, cointreau, fresh lime, agave, salt rim.
Aperol Spritz
Prosecco, aperol, club soda, olive and orange.
Authentic Caesar
Absolut Vodka, Indian spice mix, clamato, celery pepperoni, pickle and lime.
Authentic Shaft
Absolut Vodka, Forty Creek cream, kaluah, cold brew coffee and cardamom bitters.
Sassy Lassie
Bombay Sapphire, lemon, mango, angostura bitter's
Authentic White Sangria
St-Germain Elderflower Liqueur, white wine, soda, mint
Authentic Red Sangria
Chambord Black Raspberry Liqueur, house red wine, soda, raspberry.
Philips Blue Buck
[Beer on tap]
Philips Tilt Lager
[Beer on tap]
Driftwood Raised By Wolves Ipa
[Beer On Tap]
Merridale Cider Mo'moro
[On Tap]
Hoyne Brewing - Pilsner Can
Hoyne Brewing - Dark Matter
Heineken, Netherlands
Stella Artois
Kingfisher
[INDIAN BEER]
Taj Mahal
[INDIAN BEER]
Cobra
[INDIAN BEER]
Tiger
[INDIAN BEER]
Authentic House Wine
[Riesling Gewurztraminer]
Dr Loosen Mosel, Germany
[RIESLING]
Sumac Ridge, Okanagan Valley, BC
[Gewurztraminer]
Gehringer, Okanaganvalley, BC
[Classic Riesling]
Villa Teresa, Organic Wine, Italy
[Pinot Grigio]
Kim Crawford, Marlborough, New Zealand
[Sauvignon Blanc]
DR. Loosen, Pradikatswein, Germany
[Riesling Spatlese]
Rombaer Vineyards, USA
[Carneros Chardonnay]
Cono Sur Organic, SA
[Pinot Noir]
Authentic House Wine
[Shiraz]
Johnny Q, Australia
[Shiraz Viognier]
Menage A Trois, California, USA
[Red blend-Zinfandel, Merlot, Cab Sauv]
Verso Rosso Salento, Italy
J.lohr, Paso Robles, USA
[Cabernet Sauvignon]
Cote De Nuits-Villages, FRANCE
[Gachot Monot]
Saint Joseph, FRANCE
[LES EDILES]
Bolla - Prosecco Extra Dry
[ITALY]
Villa Teresa - Prosecco Frizzante Organic
[ITALY]
Veuve Clicquot Brut
[FRANCE]
Whiskey
Forty Creek Barrel Select Rye
[CANADA]
Crown Royal North Harvest
[CANADA]
Reifel Rye
[CANADA]
Confederation Oak
[CANADA]
Lot 40 Dark Oak
[CANADA]
Jameson Irish Whiskey
[IRELAND]
The Busker Triple Cask Irish Whiskey
[IRELAND]
Green Spot
[IRELAND]
Elijah Craig Small Batch Bourbon
[USA]
Johnnie Walker 12 Year Black Label
[UK]
Johnnie Walker Blue Label
[UK]
Chivas Regal 12 Year
[UK]
Woodford Double Oaked
[USA]
Ardbeg Wee Beastie
[UK]
Nikka Coffee Malt
[JAPAN]
Amrut Fusion Single Malt
[INDIA]
Neidhal Single Malt
[INDIA]
Paul John Single Malt
[INDIA]
Rum
Bacardi Superior
[USA]
Bacardi Ocho
[USA]
Captain Morgan Spiced
[CANADA]
Plantation Stiggin’S Fancy Pineapple Rum
[TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO]
Plantation 20 Anniversary
[BARBADOS]
Brendy
Hennessy V.S.O.P
[FRANCE]
Agave
Espalon Blanco
[MEXICO]
Patron Silver
Don Julio Reposado
Gin
Tanqueray London Dry
[UK]
Bombay Sapphire London Dry
[UK]
Sheringham Seaside Gin
[CANADA]
Botanist Islay Dry Gin
[UK]
Empress Gin
[CANADA]
Vodka
Absolut
[SWEDEN]
Smirnoff - Red Label
[CANADA]
Grey Goose
[FRANCE]
Crystal Head Vodka
[CANADA]
Crystal Head Onyx
[CANADA]
Ciroc Vodka
[FRANCE]
Liqueur, Amari And ForTified Wine
Forty Creek Cream
[CANADA]
Baileys Almond
[IRELAND]
Kalua Coffee
[MEXICO]
Cointreau
[FRANCE]
Noilly Prat Dry Vermouth
[FRANCE]
Cinzano Rosso Vermouth
[ITALY]
Aperol
[ITALY]
Campari
[ITALY]
Jagermeister
[GERMANY]
High Balls
[Single]
Phillips Draught
House Wine
All Appetizers
Assorted Papad 
[For vegan dish request to remove mint yogurt]
Served with avocado hummus and 2 house chutneys - Mint yogurt and tamarind.
Vegetable Pakora
Mixed veg deep fried fritters with chickpea flour and whole spices. Served with tamarind chutney. [8 pcs]
Vegetable Samosa
Two crisp patties stuffed with potatoes, green peas, herbs and spices. Served with tamarind chutney. [2 pcs]
Paneer Pakora
Traditional homemade cheese stuffed with mixed pickle, traditional dry spices and deep fried with chickpea flour batter. Served with tamarind chutney. [8 pcs]
Chicken Pakora
Chicken breast strips two step marinated overnight with traditional spices and deep fried with chickpea flour. Served with mint yogurt chutney. [8 pcs]
Fish Pakora
Basa fish strips two step marinated overnight with traditional spices and deep fried with chickpea flour. Served with mint yogurt chutney. [8 pcs]
Tandoori Chicken Wings
Chicken wings two step marinated overnight with Indian spices and slow cooked in tandoor/ clay oven. Served with mint yogurt chutney. [10 pcs]
Chaat Papri
Crispy fried all purpose flour flakes topped with chickpeas, potatoes, chopped tomatoes, pomegranate, mint chutney, sweet yogurt, tamarind chutney and seasoning with spices. Garnished with pomegranate & julienne beets.
Mulligatawny Soup
Lentil, eggplant, apple, coconut based soup with Indian herbs and spices with rice.
Hara Bhara Kebab
Patties made in house from fresh spinach, green peas with paneer, herbs and spices. Served with tamarind chutney. [8 pcs]
Golgappe
Cripsy round dough shells filled with potatoes & black chickpeas. Served with tamarind flavoured sweet and mint flavoured spicy water. [8 pcs]
Bombay Avocado Hummus
Savoury dish made in house, mashed chickpeas blended with tahini paste, mint and avocado with a touch of turmeric and curry powder. Garnished with mint head & served with 2 naans.
Tibetan Chicken Momo
Steamed or deep fried wheat flour dumplings filled with stuffing of ground chicken, chives, onion, garlic, ginger, soya sauce and spices. Served with spicy blue cheese dip. [7 pcs]
Tibetan Vegan Momo
[For vegan dish choose steamed momo]
Steamed or deep fried wheat flour dumplings filled with stuffing of organic tofu, cabbage, carrots, onion, olive oil and soya sauce along with garlic and chives. Served with spicy blue cheese dip. [Remove blue cheese dip for dairy free] [7 pcs]
Crispy Cauliflower Wings
Deep fried fresh cauliflower with chickpea batter and freshly grounded spices, and toasted in sweet & sour sauce. Garnished with cilantro and pickle onions.
Samosa Chaat
Two vegetable samosas served with chana masala, sweet yogurt, tamarind and mint yogurt chutney. Garnished with pomegranate & julienne beets.
Tandoori Broccoli
Fresh broccoli marinated overnight with yogurt, cream cheese & traditional spices, and slow cooked in tandoor/ clay oven. [10 pcs]
Paneer Tikka Shashlik
Traditional home made paneer [cheese] and bell peppers marinated overnight with yogurt, traditional spices and slow cooked in tandoor/ clay oven
Chicken Tikka
Boneless pieces of chicken breast two step marinated overnight with yogurt, traditional spices and slow cooked in tandoor/ clay oven. [8 pcs]
Lucknowi Chicken Tikka
Boneless pieces of chicken breast two step marinated overnight with yogurt, lucknowi spices, peanuts and slow cooked in tandoor/ clay oven. [8 pcs]
Noori Malai Tikka
Boneless pieces of chicken breast two step marinated overnight with cream cheese, yogurt, green cardamom and slow cooked in tandoor/ clay oven. [8 pcs]
Tandoori Chicken [1/2 Chicken]
Chicken with bones, two step marinated overnight with yogurt, traditional Indian spices and slow cooked in tandoor/ clay oven.
Fish Tikka
Boneless pieces of basa fish two step marinated overnight with yogurt, chickpea flour and traditional Indian spices and slow cooked in tandoor/ clay oven. [8 pcs]
Ajwaini Tandoori Prawn
Jumbo prawns two step marinated overnight with chickpea flour and spices. Slow cooked in tandoor/ clay oven. [10 pcs]
Tandoori Lamb Chops
Lamb chops two step marinated overnight with yogurt, exotic Indian spices and slow cooked in tandoor/ clay oven. [5 pcs]
Lamb Seekh Kabab
Tender ground lamb flavoured with spices and fresh herbs [finely chopped ginger, garlic, cilantro, green chillies]. Skewered and slow cooked in tandoor/ clay oven.
Lamb Tikka
Boneless pieces of lamb two step marinated overnight with yogurt, traditional spices and slow cooked in tandoor/clay oven. [8 pcs]
Soya Tandoori Chaaps
Soya chaaps, bell peppers two step marinated overnight with yogurt, Indian spices and slow cooked in tandoor/ clay oven. [8 pcs]
Soya Malai Chaaps
Soya chaaps, bell peppers marinated in cream cheese, yogurt and slow cooked in tandoor/ clay oven. [8 pcs]
Dal Makhni
Black lentils, kidney beans, split grams slow cooked with aromatic mixture of spices and asafoetida herb. Garnished with butter and cream.
Dal Tadka
[For vegan & dairy free dish request to remove butter]
Red lentils and yellow moong lentils cooked with onion, tomato and spices. Garnished with butter, fresh ginger and cilantro.
Chana Masala
Chickpeas, onion, tomatoes cooked in tamarind paste, carom seeds, spices & herbs. Garnished with sliced red onion, fresh ginger and cilantro.
Aloo Gobhi
Fresh cauliflower, potatoes, onion, fresh tomato sauteed with garlic, cilantro, cumin seeds, spices & herbs. Garnished with fresh ginger and cilantro.
Authentic Paneer Lababdar
Traditional homemade small cubes of panner [cheese] cooked with authentic onion tomato rich gravy. Garnished with fresh ginger and cilantro.
Navratan Korma
Variety of vegetables and homemade paneer [cheese] cooked with herbs and spiceswith cashew and tomato gravy, flavored with green cardamom. Garnished with cream and sliced almonds.
Vegetable Jalfrezi
Variety of vegetables with diced bell peppers and homemade cottage cheese with dry spices, coriander seeds and herbs in onion tomato gravy. Garnished with fresh ginger and cilantro.
Shahi Paneer
Traditional homemade small cubes of paneer [cheese] simmered in authentic cashew tomato gravy with spices. Garnished with cream.
Kadhai Paneer
Traditional homemade small cubes of paneer [cheese] cooked in onion tomato gravy with julienne bell peppers, cumin seeds, coriander seeds, spices & herbs. Garnished with fresh ginger and cilantro.
Palak Paneer
Traditional homemade small cubes of paneer [cheese] cubes mixed with blend of coriander seeds spice and fenugreek leaves herb and slow cooked in fresh spinach. Garnished with sliced tomato and cream.
Matter Paneer
Traditional homemade small cubes of paneer [cheese] and green peas simmered in chopped onion tomato gravy with spices. Garnished with fresh ginger and cilantro.
Bhindi [Okra] Masala
Sliced okra sauteed with chopped onion, tomato gravy, with fresh ginger, traditional dry herbs and spices. Garnished with fresh sliced tomato, ginger and cilantro.
Paneer Jalfrezi
Traditional homemade small cubes of paneer [cheese] with cube bell peppers, cumin seeds, coriander seeds simmered in onion tomato gravy. Garnished with fresh ginger and cilantro.
Paneer Masala
Traditional homemade small cubes of paneer [cheese] simmered in chopped onion tomato gravy with spices. Garnished with fresh ginger and cilantro.
Baingan [Eggplant] Bhartha
Smoked eggplant [peel and mash] cooked with onion, fresh tomatoes, green peas and aniseed spice. Garnished with fresh ginger and cilantro.
Chole Bhature
Chikpeas cooked in authentic carom seeds spice with onion tomato gravy. Served with two bhaturas (deep fried bread), pickle & raita. Garnished with sliced onion, fresh ginger and cilantro.
[Add extra bhatura for $4]
Delhi Butter Chicken
Pieces of boneless chicken breast marinated overnight with aroma of fenugreek leaves [kasoori methi] & slow barbecue in tandoor/ clay oven, then cooked in pan with authentic tomato based gravy along with organic honey, butter and cream. Garnished with cream
Authentic Chicken Tikka Lababdar
Pieces of boneless chicken breast marinated overnight with spices and slow barbecue in tandoor/ clay oven, then cooked with authentic onion tomato rich gravy. Garnished with fresh ginger & cilantro.
Chicken Tikka Masala
Pieces of boneless chicken breast marinated overnight with spices and slow barbecue in tandoor/ clay oven, then cooked in chopped onion tomato masala gravy. Garnished with fresh ginger & cilantro.
Chicken Korma
Pieces of boneless chicken breast cooked with herbs and spices in cashew and onion tomato based gravy, flavoured with green cardamom and garnished with cream and sliced almonds.
Chicken Vindaloo
Pieces of boneless chicken breast cooked with onion tomato with goan chilly, coconut milk, malt vinegar, star anise seeds, mace spice and herbs. Garnished with fresh ginger & cilantro.
Madras Chicken Curry
Pieces of boneless chicken breast cooked with coconut, herbs & spices in onion tomato gravy. Garnished with grated coconut.
Mango Chicken Curry
Pieces of boneless chicken breast cooked in onion tomato gravy with mango pulp, herbs and spices. Garnished with fresh ginger and cilantro.
Kadhai Chicken
Pieces of boneless chicken breast cooked in onion tomato gravy mixed with julienne bell peppers, coriander seeds, cloves and herbs. Garnished with fresh ginger and cilantro.
Chicken Jalfrezi
Pieces of boneless chicken breast with cube bell peppers, cumin seeds, coriander seeds simmered in onion tomato gravy. Garnished with fresh ginger and cilantro.
Palak [Spinach] Chicken
Pieces of boneless chicken breast mixed with blend of coriander seeds spice and fenugreek leaves [kasoori methi] herb slow cooked in fresh spinach. Garnished with sliced tomato and cream.
Chicken Coconut Curry
Pieces of boneless chicken breast cooked with coconut milk, herbs & spices in onion tomato gravy. Garnished with grated coconut.
Chicken Curry [Bone In/ Out]
[Choose boneless for dairy free dish]
Pieces of boneless chicken breast or pieces of chicken leg with bone cooked in onion tomato gravy with herbs and spices. Garnished with fresh ginger and cilantro.
Lamb Curry
Pieces of boneless lamb cooked in onion tomato gravy with cloves, cinnamon, black cardamom, star anise seeds and Indian herbs. Garnished with fresh ginger and cilantro.
Lamb Korma
Pieces of boneless lamb cooked with herbs and spices in cashew and onion tomato gravy, flavoured with green cardamom. Garnished with cream and sliced almonds.
Lamb Vindaloo
Pieces of boneless lamb cooked with goan chilly, coconut milk, malt vinegar, herbs and spices in onion tomato gravy. Garnished with fresh ginger and cilantro.
Madras Lamb Curry
Pieces of boneless lamb cooked with curry leaves, coconut, herbs and spices in onion tomato gravy. Garnished with grated coconut.
Lamb Masala
Pieces of boneless lamb cooked in chopped onion tomato gravy with herbs and cumin seeds, coriander seeds. Garnished with fresh ginger & cilantro.
Lamb Kadhai
Pieces of boneless lamb cooked in onion tomato gravy with mixed julienne bell peppers, herbs, coriander seeds, cloves, cumin seeds and star anise seeds. Garnished with fresh ginger & cilantro.
Lamb Jalfrezi
Pieces of boneless lamb with cube bell peppers, cumin seeds, coriander seeds simmered in onion tomato gravy. Garnished with fresh ginger & cilantro.
Lamb Palak [Spinach]
Pieces of boneless lamb mixed with blend of coriander seeds spice & fenugreek leaves [kasoori methi] slow cooked in fresh spinach. Garnished with sliced tomato & cream.
Lamb Coconut Curry
Pieces of boneless lamb cooked with coconut milk, herbs and spices in onion tomato gravy. Garnished with grated coconut.
Goat Rogan Josh [With Bone]
Speciality of north Indian goat curry with browned onions, pureed tomatoes and finished with fennel powder and rattanjot. Garnished with fresh ginger & cilantro.
Madras Prawn Curry
Prawns cooked with curry leaves, dry coconut powder, herbs and spices in onion tomato gravy. Garnished with grated coconut.
Mango Prawn Curry
Prawns cooked in onion tomato gravy with mango pulp, herbs and spices. Garnished with fresh ginger and cilantro.
Prawn Vindaloo
Prawns cooked in onion tomato gravy with goan chilly, coconut milk, malt vinegar herbs and spices. Garnished with fresh ginger and cilantro.
Kadhai Prawn
Prawns with julienne bell peppers, cumin and corriander seeds simmered in onion tomato gravy. Garnished with fresh ginger and cilantro.
Prawn Jalfrezi
Prawns with cube bell peppers, cumin seeds, coriander seeds simmered in onion tomato gravy. Garnished with fresh ginger and cilantro.
Prawn Korma
Prawns cooked with herbs and spices in cashew and onion tomato gravy, flavoured with green cardamom. Garnished with cream and sliced almonds.
Prawn Shahi Masala
Prawns cooked in chopped onion tomato gravy with a aroma of fenugreek leaves, star anise seeds and rare spices. Garnished with fresh ginger & cilantro.
Authentic Fish Jalfrezi
Boneless pieces of basa fish cooked with cube bell peppers simmered in onion tomato gravy with aroma of black cardamom. Garnished with fresh ginger & cilantro.
Prawn Coconut Curry
Prawns cooked with coconut milk, herbs & spices in onion tomato gravy. Garnished with grated coconut.
Malabar Fish Curry
Boneless pieces of basa fish cooked in coconut milk, ground coconut, herbs & spices with onion tomato gravy. Garnished with ginger & cilantro.
Chicken Dum Biryani
Saffron scened long grain basmati rice and marinated pieces of chicken leg with bones cooked in a sealed clay pot [Authentic old style of dum biryani] with mint and kewra water.
Chicken Pan Biryani
Saffron scented long grain basmati rice and marinated boneless chicken cooked in pan style biryani of Authentic Cuisine with mint and kewra water.
Lamb Pan Biryani
Saffron scented long grain basmati rice and marinated boneless lamb cooked in pan style biryani of Authentic Cuisine with mint and kewra water.
Prawn Pan Biryani
Saffron scented long grain basmati rice and marinated prawns cooked in pan style biryani of Authentic Cuisine with mint and kewra water.
Vegetable Pan Biryani
[For vegan & dairy free dish request to remove paneer and butter]
Saffron scented long grain basmati rice and variety of vegetables cooked in pan style biryani of Authentic Cuisine with mint and kewra water.
Traditional Naan
Traditional north Indian leavened bread baked in tandoor/ clay oven.
Tandoori Roti
[For vegan and dairy free dish request to remove butter]
Whole wheat bread baked in tandoor/ clay oven.
Garlic Naan
Traditional north Indian leavened bread with fresh chopped garlic, cilantro and pinch of turmeric powder baked in tandoor/ clay oven.
Rosemary Naan
Basil Naan
Vegi Stuffed Naan
Traditional north Indian leavened bread stuffed with potatoes, green peas & spices, baked in tandoor/ clay oven.
Lachcha Paratha [Plane/ Mint/ Methi]
Whole wheat bread buttered and multi layered baked in tandoor/ clay oven.
Coconut Naan [Kid's Favorite]
Traditional north Indian leavened bread stuffed with shredded sweetened coconut and cream baked in tandoor/ clay oven. Garnished with organic honey.
Chicken Stuffed Naan
Traditional north Indian leavened bread stuffed with chopped chicken and spices baked in tandoor/ clay oven.
Spinach Paneer Naan
Fresh spinach puree and paneer mixture along with Indian spices stuffed in traditional north Indian leavened bread baked in tandoor/ clay oven.
Blue Cheese Naan
Blue cheese stuffed in traditional north Indian leavened bread baked in tandoor/ clay oven.
Kachumber Salad
Tomatoes, cucumber, red onion, apple, green chilly with traditional dressing
Authentic House Salad
Organic spring mix, lettuce, cucumber, red onion, cherry tomato, bell peppers, roasted pumpkin seeds and sliced almonds with basil vinegar dressing.
Add chicken tikka [4 pcs]$8
Add paneer tikka [4 pcs]$8
Add fish tikka [4pcs]$8
Add prawn [4pcs]$10
Add avocado $4
Lachha Onion
Sliced red onion with lemon juice and seasoning.
Indian Green Salad
Sliced cucumber, red onion, tomatoes, green chillies, lemon wedge with traditional dressings and seasoning.
Plain Yogurt
Plain homemade Indian style yogurt.
Mixed Raita
Plain Indian yogurt with chopped cucumber, tomato and roasted cumin seeds.
Pickle [Punjabi Achar]
Mixed pickle with mango, lime, carrot, green chilly, ginger, gooseberry, fruits & Indian spices.
Chutney
[Choose: Mango, Mint, Tamarind]
Saffron Steamed Rice
Potato Fries
Chicken Strips And Fries
[WITH POP]
Coconut Naan [Kid's Favorite]
Traditional north Indian leavened bread stuffed with shredded sweetened coconut and cream baked in clay tandoor. Garnished with organic honey.
KIDS COMBO
[Special for kids under 12 age for dine-in only]
Delhi butter chicken served with steamed rice and pop.
Authentic Matka Kulfi
Indian home made ice cream with mango chunks and garnished with saffron.
Hot Gulab Jamun with Vanilla Ice Cream
Soft melt-in-mouth, fried drumplings of thickened/ reduced milk dipped in sugar syrup. Served with vanilla ice cream and garnished with pistachios.
Rasmalai
An Indian dessert made with soft and sweet paneer [traditional indian cheese] dumplings that are soaked in a fragrant saffron-flavoured cream. Garnished with pistachios and almonds.
Payasam [Rice Pudding]
Slow cooked rice in milk, sugar, flavoured with cardamom and garnished with sliced almonds and pistachios.
Matcha Cheese Cake
Gulab Jamun Cheese Cake
A graham base topped with silky-smooth cardamom cheesecake and feather-light mousse infused with rose syrup. Concealed at the heart of it all; A tender ball of Gulab Jamun. Soaked in an aromatic syrup, this classic fried dough ball is moist & lightly sweet. The finishing touch is a caramel syrup.
Tiramisu Cake
Important Notice!
We accept dine in table reservations over the phone, however, food orders for dine-in must be placed at the restaurant and cannot be taken over the phone.
Order Timings:
Last Dine-In Order: 9:30 PM
Last Takeout Order: 9:45 PM
We appreciate your understanding and cooperation.